Class 10 Networking Basics of Internet and Mobile Technologies
Chapter outlines
❖Webpage
❖Website
❖Homepage
❖Web Portal
❖Web Address
❖Blog
❖Newsgroup
❖E-Mail
❖E-Mail Services
❖Downloading
❖Uploading
❖SMTP
❖POP
❖ESMTP
❖HTTP
❖HTTPS
❖Telnet
❖FTP
❖SSH
❖SFTP
❖SCP
❖Video conferencing
❖E-learning
❖E-Banking
❖Search engine
❖Browsing history
❖Finding people
on Net
Chapter outlines
❖ E-shopping
❖E-reservation
❖E-governance
❖E-groups
❖Social networking
❖SMS
❖MMS
❖Generations of Mobile Technology
Webpage :
A document which can be displayed in a web browser on the world wide
web is called a webpage. A webpage contains digital information in the form
of text, graphics, animation, audio and video. Webpage is classified mainly
into two types such as:
Static webpage:
Static webpage is one where information is not changed frequently. In other
words, static webpage contains fixed information to visitors.
Dynamic webpage:
Dynamic webpage are used where the information is changed frequently for
example weather reporting websites shows different weather reports
depending upon the date, time and location.
Website :
A website is a collection of related webpages containing images, videos, or
other digital media located under the same domain. A website is hosted on a
web server on the World Wide Web. Each site is owned and managed by an
individual , a company , or an organization.
Homepage:
The first webpage of a website is called the homepage. The other name of
homepage is Index page. While accessing a website, we are directed to its
home page or main page.
Web Portal:
A Web portal is a gateway to wide range of Internet services, such as e-mail,
search engines, e-commerce, etc. It does not contain information on any
topic. Instead, it suggests related webpages to the user to find the desired
information and links to the related sites.
Types of Web Portal :
1) Vertical Portal
2) Horizontal Portals
3) Enterprise Portals
4) Knowledge Portals
5) Market Place Portal
Web address :
Every website on the Internet has a unique address called as a web address.
The web address is also known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator).The user
writes the address into the address bar and the press enter. With a good
Internet speed, the browser loads the webpage requested. The Uniform
Resource Locator denotes the global address of web documents and web
resources. For example of a website URL is as follows:
https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/states-india
Blog:
A blog is an online diary, located on a website. It is an electronic platform
where the owner of the blog can write his views and thoughts about
anything and also receive the ideas and thoughts of the readers of the blog.
A blog includes text, pictures, videos, animations, etc. A blogger is
someone who blogs or writes content for a blog. Blogging is an activity in
which people type in their views and opinions on things.
Some of the best blogging platforms :
❖www.wordpress.com
❖www.blogger.com
❖www.blog.com
❖www.weebly.com
❖www.blogsome.com
Newsgroup :
A newsgroup is an Internet based electronic platform used for discussion
about any particular topic. These topics range from politics, sports, movies, to
any event in particular, etc. A user can join a newsgroup by registering on it.
This allow a discussion to take place among several people. A newsgroup may
have several active discussion at one time. There are eight official categories of
newsgroups:
1. Comp
2. Humanities
3. Misc
4. Rec
5. Sci
6. Soc
7. Talk
Some of the best active newsgroups are:
❖Alt.politics
❖Talk.religion
❖Sci.physics
❖Comp.software.testing
❖Alt.binaries.multimedia.comedy
E-Mail :
Electronic mail is an electronic message sent/received from one computer to
another. It is fast and easy to use. You can send text, pictures, and sound message
across the globe. To send an e-mail, both sender and receiver should have an e-mail
ID. E-mails can be sent anytime and they are received quickly in the receiver’s inbox.
E-Mail Services :
There are two types of e-mail services as specified below:
1) Web-based e-mail :
The web based e-mail can be accessed by the users across
the globe from any computer connected to the Internet, at any time. Some of
the well-known free web-based e-mail –gmail.com, yahoo.com, msn.com etc.
2) Application/Client-Based e-mail :
Application based e-mail means you need to
install a program on your computer to read the e-mail. Some of the examples of
the application based e-mail programs are Outlook Express, Mozilla Thunderbird,
and Foxmail.
Email Address:
E-mail address is a name that uniquely identifies an e-mail account on
a network .To send and receive e-mails, we need to have an e-mail
address. It does not contain spaces, e.g., princenishad7867@gmail.com. An e-
mail address usually consists of two parts user name and domain
name, separated by the @(pronounced ‘at’) symbol.
Sending and Receiving E-Mail :
An e-mail application has many folders such as Inbox, Sent, Draft,
Spam , etc. Inbox is the folder where e-mails are received. To send an
e-mail from an account by following the steps given below.
1) Compose a new message
2) Complete the details like recipient ID, subject, files to be attached,
if any, etc.
3) Click on the send button for sending a message.
Downloading :
Downloading files means transferring files from a web server to an external
device like your computer, tablet or phone. Receiving an e-mail is an
example of downloading file.
Uploading :
Uploading means to copy a data or file from your local computer to another
remote computer on the Internet. For example, uploading your photos,
presentations, and movies to google drive.
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
It is the protocol that checks the authenticity of the e-mail and then directs
its transfer, over the Internet to the receiver’s end.
The Post Office Protocol(POP):
The Post Office Protocol allows an e-mail client to download an e-mail from
an e-mail server.
Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP):
ESMTP allows multimedia files to be delivered as attachment to an e-mail.
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a communication protocol used to
transfer all kinds of information (text, graphics images, sound, videos, and
other multimedia files) on the Web.
HTTPS(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure):
Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) is the secure version of HTTP,
which is the primary protocol used to send data between a web browser
and a website. HTTPS is encrypted in order to increase security of data
transfer. This is particularly important when users transmit sensitive data,
such as by logging into a bank account, email service, or health insurance
provider.
Search engine :
A search engine is a program that is designed to search for information on the
World Wide Web. Information can be in the form of webpages, images, and
other types of files. A search engine searches documents for specified
keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords are found.
A few examples of search engines are:
➢Google
➢Khoj
➢Yahoo
➢Infoseek
➢Lycos
➢Excite
Conditional Search Operators:
a) – (hyphen):
The hyphen search operator will exclude any term or phrase directly
after it. For example :[ DELL LAPTOP –HP LAPTOP]
b) AND :
Using this operator will show results that are related to both terms.
For example : [ MOUSE AND KEYBOARD]
c) OR:
This operator will show results related to both terms or each term
individually . For example :[DELL LAPTOP OR HP LAPTOP]
d) NEAR: The near operator is used in order to specify how close the terms should
appear to each other. For example :[MOON NEAR RIVER]
Browsing History:
History in a web browser holds the list of websites you have visited for a certain number of days. By default,
the Internet Explorer stores the list of URLs visited in the last 20 days. This list of URLs of websites visited
over a fixed period is called history.
Finding People on Net :
Using Google you can also find people on the Internet. If you have some specific details like birth date, city or
state or name of profession it becomes easier to locate them. Thus, finding people online has become
convenient without any wastage of time. Websites that can be used for searching people on Internet are
listed below:
✓ www.trupeoplesearch.com
✓www.classmates.com
✓www.peekyou.com
✓www.addresses.com
Telnet(Terminal network):
Telnet is a remote access protocol. Telnet protocol governs rules that enable
connection with a remote computer. Telnet client-server applications allows
logging onto remote computers to access any application program or file
available on it (remote computer).
FTP(File Transfer Protocol):
File Transfer Protocol is a standard client–server protocol used for the transfer
of files between client and server on a network. FTP uses TCP/IP protocols to
upload or download files to our computers from other sources.
SSH(Secure shell):
SSH is a protocol that provides secure remote login from one computer to
another. SSH uses different encryption techniques to ensure secure
transmission over the network. SSH protocol is a more secure than telnet and
ftp protocols
SFTP(Secure file transfer protocol):
Secure file transfer protocol is a method of transferring files between two
remote system securely. The information transferred using SFTP is first
divided in to small packets. Before sharing the information between two
computers, SFTP first verifies the identity of the client. After a secured
connection is established, encrypted information is sent over.
SCP(Secure Copy Protocol):
The secure copy protocol allows copying of files between the user’s computer
and a remote computer or between remote networks. It uses the SSH
protocol for data transfer, and uses the same authentication method as SSH.
Video conferencing :
A video conferencing is a method of live, visual communication between two
or more people residing in separate location. It provides high-quality audio
and video transmission, which enables successful communication between
the two ends.
Hardware requirements of video conferencing are:
• Digital camera or Webcam
• Computer monitor, television, or projector
• Microphone
• Speakers/ head phones
Website for video conferencing :
• Skype
• WhatsApp
• Google Duo
Advantages of video conferencing :
➢Video conferencing saves time and money as the participants are not
required to travel to meet each other.
➢Students present at different locations can attend lectures and training
through video conferencing.
➢Students can interview an employer in another city.
Disadvantages of video conferencing :
➢Need high speed connection.
➢Any failure in hardware or software can stop participants from attending
the meeting.
E-learning :
E-learning refers to education using electronic delivery methods such as CD, DVD, video
conferencing, websites, and e-mail . It is the use of technology to enable people to learn
anything and anywhere.
Benefits of E-learning :
The following are some benefits of e-learning over regular classroom learning –
❖E-learning is less expensive than traditional learning because it reduces travel cost and
time.
❖Flexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. A student can attend class any time,
anywhere. Education is available whenever it is needed.
❖E-learning can be used to impart training to a large group of students at a time.
❖Provide online courses, online exams, learning materials for students and teachers.
❖Resources like e-books and audio books.
❖The lesson can be made more interactive by combining text with audio, video ,
animation, etc
Disadvantages of E-learning :
The disadvantages of e-learning to students are as follows :
✓ Basic knowledge of computers is necessary to access and use course
content.
✓Printed book can be read anywhere, but for e-learning, one needs to
have access to a computer/laptop . An Internet connection may also be
required.
Popular e-learning websites are :
➢http://www.e-learningforkids.org
➢http://www.ecollegeofindia.com
➢http://www.w3schools.com
➢http://www.gurkulonline.co.in
E-banking :
E-banking is also called online banking or Internet banking. In Internet
banking , various banking functions can be performed by a customer using
the Internet. As all the services are web enabled, the customer needs to log
on the website of bank and access centralized database. E-banking can be
broadly classified into the following two categories:
Transactional : It involves performing a financial transaction such as an
account-to-account transfer, paying a bill, or applying for a loan.
Non-transactional : It involves viewing bank statements.
Examples of e-banking sites are :
➢www.statebankofindia.com
➢www.unionbankofindia.com
Types of e-banking :
The different types of e-banking are as follows –
➢Automatic Teller machine(ATM)
➢Mobile Banking
➢Internet Banking
Advantages of e-banking :
✓E-banking provides 24 hours services for 365 days.
✓It provides global network coverage of services of a bank.
✓It helps to reduce paper work.
E-shopping:
The buying and selling of products on the Internet is called e-shopping or online shopping. E-shopping offers customers the facility to purchase products from a seller in real-time, browse and compare products, find reviews, customer services like paying bills online. E-shopping gives flexibility in the mode of payments as online shoppers can pay through many options like : • Cash on delivery • Net banking • Debit card / credit card Some of the most popular e-shopping websites are : " www.amazon.com " www.ebay.com * www.flipcart.com " www.snapdeal.com
Advantages of e-shopping:
- Online services are available 24X7 and the customer can shop any convenient time from any location. Many online stores post the reviews of customers who have already purchased the product, which help the future customers to judge and buy, based on their experiences.
Disadvantage of e-shopping :
- Sometimes a wrong product or damaged product is delivered and has to be replaced which results in delays.
- A major problem in e-shopping is the hassle in returning the product and following up on our refund or exch ange of items.
E-reservation :
E-reservation or electronic reservation is a facility offered on the Internet for real-time reservation and online enquiry about availability of air tickets, train tickets, hotels tickets, etc. Customer makes the payment using options like cards, payment apps or net banking. Popular e-ticketing websites are :E-reservation : E-reservation or electronic reservation is a facility offered on the Internet for real-time reservation and online enquiry about availability of air tickets, train tickets, hotels tickets, etc. Customer makes the payment using options like cards, payment apps or net banking.
Popular e-ticketing websites are :
- www.irctc.co.in
- www.traveldailymedia.com
- www.makemytrip.com
- www.yatra.com
Advantages of E-reservation :
- Any reservation, be it train, air, hotels , bus, taxi or any other possible service , it can be done from anywhere, and at any time.
- One can compare the ticket prices offered by various sites
Disadvantages of e-reservation:
- Since the payments are made online in advance, some sites do not make full refund in case of cancellation.
- In case of any help or query, one has to depend on the customer care service which generally is not very satisfying.
E-governance:
E-governance electronic governance is the application of information and Communication Technology by the government agencies and departments, to communicate with the citizens, other government departments and business organizations . E-governance helps in delivering government services and improving the functionality of the administrative system. Some of the logos of popular initiatives of e-governance in India : DigiLocker rs e-Hospital UMANG Bchularsh Perta National Centre of Gooinformatics (NCOG) (NSP) eCourts NIELIT E HIM
Advantages of e-governance :
- Transparency in the work of government has increased as it allows the public to be informed about what the government is working on as well as the polices they are trying to implement.
- With transparency comes accountability. The citizens can also question the government, if they find any discrepancy in its working.
Disadvantages of e-governance :
- Computer-illiterate citizens find it difficult to avail the services of e- governance.
- Non availability of Internet services in many rural and remote areas has made access to the government portals.
E-groups:
E-groups is an online community of people with similar interests. E- group is a feature in many social networking sites which facilitates forming of groups. Groups allow members to create, post content or comment, read, plan vacations, share photos and invite friends to the group. In e-group discussions, members are free to share their experiences. Google group, yahoo group and MSN group allow to create e-groups.
Social Networking :
Social networking refers to the use of social media websites for interaction, where individuals are linked together by a common interest or relationship like friend, family, etc. It is a way of letting others know what one is doing. Many social networking websites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.
Advantages of social networking:
Social networking provides worldwide connectivity, so searching for an individual or interacting socially is easier and faster. >Social media websites like Twitter and Instagram are the best place to know about the current happening in the world.
Disadvantage of social networking:
- Sharing too much of personal information can prove harmful. It is like inviting others to invade your privacy.
- All information found on social media may not be correct. Sometimes people also post fake information to seek attention.
Short Message Service(SMS) :
The SMS or Short Message Service also known as text messaging, is the exchanging of short alphanumeric text messages between mobile devices like mobile phones. One SMS can hold up to 160 alphanumeric characters. There are three types of SMS:
- Transactional SMS
- Promotional Message
- Bulk Message Multimedia Messaging
Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS):
MMS stand for Multimedia Messaging Service. Multimedia messages may include text messages along with audio, video clips and still images. The sender need not have define the message as SMS or MMS, It is done automatically. If the receiving device does not support MMS, then recipient will receive a URL text message which can be seen on any web browser.
Generations of Mobile Technology First Generation(1G):
The first generation (1G):
The first generation (1G) was launched in the early 80's. It used the Advanced Mobile Phone Service(AMPS) cellular network, which were based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.
Second Generation(2G):
Mobile data services started in the second generation (2G) of mobile technologies. Third Generation (3G):
Third generation (3G) services:
Third generation (3G) services allow a user to have an internet speed of at least 7.2 Mbps (Megabits per second). It found application in video calls, mobile Internet access, GPS, and fixed wireless Internet access. Fourth Generation (4G):
The fourth generation (4G):
The fourth generation offers even higher rates of data transfer, the typical speed being 100 Mbps for mobile users and upto 1 Gbps for fixed stations. This technology is basically used for high quality audio/video data transfer applications such as gaming, high-definition mobile TV.
